Same hospital, same procedure — different price depending on who’s paying. Each payer’s median negotiated rate as a percent of Medicare, across every hospital × procedure cell where that payer publishes commercial rates. Spread is the typical same-procedure price ratio between this payer’s cheapest and most expensive hospitals (10th–90th percentile, median across procedures): a low median with a wide spread still overpays somewhere.
| Payer | Median vs. Medicare | Median | Spread (10th–90th) | Hospitals | Cells |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthem BCBS | 268% | 3.2× | 45 | 2,568 | |
| UnitedHealthcare | 271% | 4.9× | 68 | 3,578 | |
| Kaiser Permanente | 281% | 2.9× | 53 | 2,963 | |
| Cigna | 313% | 4.7× | 67 | 3,203 | |
| Aetna | 322% | 4.7× | 74 | 3,624 | |
| Humana | 335% | 25.4× | 9 | 419 |